日日爽-亚洲国产免费-国产一级片在线-九九五月天-男男做爰猛烈啪啪高-xxxwww18-69av在线视频-av中文字-一级视频免费观看-91视频影院-一级黄色大片视频-亚洲国产视频网站-欧美国产免费-xxxx毛片-青娱乐超碰在线

美國專利期限調整制度

2020-12-11

  文/北京集佳知識產權代理有限公司西安分部 潘紅

  

  專利權是一種排他的權力,任何一項專利經過一定的專利保護期,就進入公有領域,成為公共財富。專利保護期對于高投入、高回報的各類研發企業尤其是醫藥企業來說是十分的重要的。例如,醫藥企業的利潤收入往往是以日計的,一旦超過專利保護期限,其他企業則可以生產類似產品,因此專利保護期的延長或縮短將會對其收益帶來巨大影響。

  對于一件專利申請而言,授權日開始才算是正式的專利保護,侵犯專利權,嚴格意義上說也是從授權日開始算的。公告日到授權日這段期間屬于臨時保護期,根據美國專利法第154(d)條規定,專利權人在該臨時保護期間可以向使用人收取適當的使用費。然而,這段期間是屬于未決的期待利益,因此該費用可能會遠低于專利侵權賠償額或專利許可所得數額。所以,授權日至保護期終止這段時間對于企業而言才是最重要的期限。

  為了避免專利審查的不當延遲而縮短專利有效期限,美國國會于1999年在美國發明人保護法(AIPA)中對專利期限調整做了相應規定,即,專利期限調整(Patent Term Adjustment, PTA)。美國專利商標局(USPTO)在頒發專利證書時會對有需要進行專利期限調整的專利調整相應的專利保護期限。下面將結合美國專利法中對PTA的規定來對美國專利期限調整進行簡要介紹。

  專利期限調整主要可分為兩大類,即美國專利商標局的審查過程延誤以及申請人延誤。專利期限調整的計算原則是美國專利商標局的審查過程延誤的天數減去申請人延誤的天數和延遲重疊的天數即可得到最終的PTA天數。

 

  一、美國專利商標局的審查過程延誤

  35 U.S.C.154(b)ADJUSTMENT OF PATENT TERM

  (1)PATENT TERM GUARANTEES.

  (A)GUARANTEE OF PROMPT PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE RESPONSES.—Subject to the limitations under paragraph(2),if the issue of an original patent is delayed due to the failure of the Patent and Trademark Office to—

  (i)provide at least one of the notifications under section 132 or a notice of allowance under section 151 not later than 14 months after(I)the date on which an application was filed under section 111(a); or(II)the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in an international application;

  (ii)respond to a reply under section 132, or to an appeal taken under section 134, within 4 months after the date on which the reply was filed or the appeal was taken;

  (iii)act on an application within 4 months after the date of a decision by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board under section 134 or 135 or a decision by a Federal court under section 141, 145, or 146 in a case in which allowable claims remain in the application; or

  (iv)issue a patent within 4 months after the date on which the issue fee was paid under section 151 and all outstanding requirements were satisfied; the term of the patent shall be extended 1 day for each day after the end of the period specified in clause(i),(ii),(iii),or(iv), as the case may be, until the action described in such clause is taken.

  (B)GUARANTEE OF NO MORE THAN 3-YEAR APPLICATION PENDENCY.— Subject to the limitations under paragraph(2), if the issue of an original patent is delayed due to the failure of the United States Patent and Trademark Office to issue a patent within 3 years after the actual filing date of the application under section 111(a)in the United States or, in the case of an international application, the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in the international application not including—

  (i)any time consumed by continued examination of the application requested by the applicant under section 132(b);

  (ii)any time consumed by a proceeding under section 135(a), any time consumed by the imposition of an order under section 181, or any time consumed by appellate review by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or by a Federal court; or

  (iii)any delay in the processing of the application by the United States Patent and Trademark Office requested by the applicant except as permitted by paragraph(3)(C), the term of the patent shall be extended 1 day for each day after the end of that 3-year period until the patent is issued.

  (C)GUARANTEE OR ADJUSTMENTS FOR DELAYS DUE TO DERIVATION PROCEEDINGS, SECRECY ORDERS, AND APPEALS.— Subject to the limitations under paragraph(2), if the issue of an original patent is delayed due to—

  (i)a proceeding under section 135(a);

  (ii)the imposition of an order under section 181; or

  (iii)appellate review by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or by a Federal court in a case in which the patent was issued under a decision in the review reversing an adverse determination of patentability,

  the term of the patent shall be extended 1 day for each day of the pendency of the proceeding, order, or review, as the case may be.

  從上述法條規定可知,美國專利商標局的審查過程延誤可以包括下述三種情況:

  “A”延遲,美國專利商標局未能在規定時間內進行審查并向申請人發出審查結果,如未在14個月內發出第一次審查意見通知書,收到申請人針對審查意見通知書遞交答辯意見或其他請求后沒有在4個月內發出第二次審查意見通知或授權通知,在申請人繳納授權費后4個月內沒有未授予專利權等,這也稱為14-4-4-4延遲規則,凡是沒有符合上述要求而導致延遲的天數均被記入專利期限調整;

  “B”延遲,美國專利商標局未能在提交專利申請之日起3年內授權專利權,這也稱為3年延遲規則,凡是沒有符合該要求而導致延誤的天數也被記入專利期限調整。需要注意的是,申請人提交繼續審查請求(RCE),上訴復審等導致的期限延遲不包括在內;

  “C”延遲,當申請涉及爭議或申訴,或保密要求時,任何由于向專利審判和上訴委員會上訴(appeals),溯源訴訟程式(derivation proceedings),或者保密命令(secrecy orders)而導致的延誤也被記入專利期限調整,這也被稱為PTAB規則。

 

  二、申請人延誤

  35 U.S.C.154(b)ADJUSTMENT OF PATENT TERM

  (2)LIMITATIONS.

  (C)REDUCTION OF PERIOD OF ADJUSTMENT.—

  (i)The period of adjustment of the term of a patent under paragraph(1)shall be reduced by a period equal to the period of time during which the applicant failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude prosecution of the application.

  (ii)With respect to adjustments to patent term made under the authority of paragraph (1)(B), an applicant shall be deemed to have failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude processing or examination of an application for the cumulative total of any periods of time in excess of 3 months that are taken to respond to a notice from the Office making any rejection, objection, argument, or other request, measuring such 3-month period from the date the notice was given or mailed to the applicant.

  (iii)The Director shall prescribe regulations establishing the circumstances that constitute a failure of an applicant to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude processing or examination of an application.

  從上述法條規定可知,申請人延遲是指由于申請人個人的原因,導致其沒有在官方規定的期限內及時作出響應而導致的延遲。例如,申請人在收到審查意見通知書3個月內沒有作出答復而造成的任何延遲。因此,從申請人角度,盡量在官方規定的期限內答復審查意見,遞交相關文件,以及提交各種請求等,以盡量減少由于申請人原因導致的延遲。

 

  三、延遲重疊的定義

  35 U.S.C.154(b)ADJUSTMENT OF PATENT TERM

  (2)LIMITATIONS.

  (A)IN GENERAL.— To the extent that periods of delay attributable to grounds specified in paragraph(1)overlap, the period of any adjustment granted under this subsection shall not exceed the actual number of days the issuance of the patent was delayed.

  (B)DISCLAIMED TERM.— No patent the term of which has been disclaimed beyond a specified date may be adjusted under this section beyond the expiration date specified in the disclaimer. 延遲重疊的天數是指上述“A”延遲與“B”延遲之間重疊的天數。《美國專利法》第154(b)(2)條規定,存在延遲重疊的,專利調整期限的天數不能超出專利授權所延誤的實際天數。根據美國專利商標局的解釋,任何對“B”延遲有影響的“A”延遲,都屬于延遲重疊。

  該專利期限調整是從專利到期日開始計算的,專利到期日加上計算出的實際PTA的天數即為最終該專利申請的保護期限。需要注意的是,凡適用期末放棄(terminal disclaimer)原則的案件均不適用此專利期限調整;對于其母案已獲得專利期限調整的分案,也不適用此專利期限調整。

  因為商業化往往在專利申請很久以后才發生,PTA作為延長專利保護期限的一種方式,對生物技術和藥品發明尤其有利。而且,藥品的研發費用非常高,專利期限調整的每一天都會給專利權人帶來巨大的經濟收益。我國專利申請量多年位居世界第一,且審查人員數量有限,在保證合理的審查周期方面面臨著巨大的壓力,所以,國家知識產權部門也正在加快推進專利法修改,建立藥品專利保護期限補償制度,以彌補創新藥為獲得上市批準而造成的有效專利期的損失。

 

  參考文獻:

  1.《美國專利法》35 U.S.C.154;

  2.《美國專利商標局將改變其專利期限調整評估方法》,中國發明與專利,2010年第3期;

  3.《頗具特色的美國專利期限調整》,隆天知識產權代理有限公司,程秀娟。

  

此篇文章由北京集佳知識產權代理有限公司版權所有,轉載請注明出處     

 

相關關鍵詞

主站蜘蛛池模板: 人人舔| 男生操女生屁股 | 日韩欧美视频在线播放 | 婷婷激情在线 | 少妇与公做了夜伦理69 | 国产视频福利 | 三级网站在线免费观看 | 精品国产亚洲AV | 亚洲成av人片一区二区 | 天天摸天天摸 | 精品国产精品 | 日本aaa级片 | 成人97| 久操新在线 | 老司机精品视频在线 | 美女露出粉嫩尿囗让男人桶 | 操碰人人 | 激情视频在线播放 | 中文在线资源天堂 | 快灬快灬一下爽69 | 瑟瑟av| 亚欧三级| 中文字幕一区二区三区人妻不卡 | 日韩亚洲国产欧美 | 操碰视频在线 | 欧洲成人免费视频 | www.伊人.com | 成人av电影在线播放 | 高清乱码毛片入口 | 上海贵妇尝试黑人洋吊 | 一级裸体视频 | 久操视频网 | 无码人妻精品一区二区三区温州 | 国产毛片一区二区三区 | 性视频欧美| 午夜精品久久 | 欧美三级一区二区 | 日日爱视频 | 一区二区三区欧美日韩 | 中文字幕蜜桃 | 日韩a毛片 | 91们嫩草伦理 | 狠狠躁夜夜躁人 | 国产精品美女一区 | 天天干干干干干 | а√天堂www在线天堂小说 | 黄色福利在线观看 | 国产白嫩美女无套久久 | 深夜福利在线免费观看 | 2025韩国大尺度电影 | 日韩一级精品 | 蜜桃视频无码区在线观看 | 在线观看涩涩 | 一起草av在线 | 91调教视频 | 一区二区三区小视频 | 欧美色图中文字幕 | 日韩久久久久 | 99久久综合 | 兄弟兄弟全集免费观看 | 亚洲乱轮 | 麻豆视频在线免费看 | av香港经典三级级 在线 | 欧美一级大片在线观看 | 免费在线视频观看 | 一本久道久久综合无码中文 | 成人自拍视频在线 | 亚洲综合专区 | cao在线视频 | 在线看片国产 | 国产三级一区 | 欧美自拍偷拍第一页 | jizzjizz在线| 蜜桃综合网 | 免费黄av| 大又大又粗又硬又爽少妇毛片 | 日韩资源在线 | aaa黄色 | 女生的胸无遮挡 | 特级毛片在线播放 | 青青草久久 | 老外毛片 | 日韩av资源 | 天天干天天做 | 欧美你懂得 | av在线资源站 | 极品久久久久久 | 麻豆电影网站 | 国产精品视频久久久久久久 | 日韩一级黄色大片 | 亚洲免费一区二区 | 影音先锋婷婷 | 色香蕉网站 | 久久成人在线视频 | 91在线观看免费高清完整版在线观看 | 很黄的网站在线观看 | 日韩欧美亚洲 | 亚洲综合五月天婷婷丁香 | 美女福利影院 |